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 发表: 2005-06-07 20:43:29 人气:693  
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
For Americans, time is a “resource” that, like water or coal, can be used well or poorly. “Time is money,” they say. “You only get so much time in this life; you’d best use it wisely.” The future will not be better than the past or the present unless people use their time fro constructive, future-oriented activities. Thus, Americans admire a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a schedule for doing them. The ideal person is punctual and treasures other people’s time.
The American attitude towards time is not necessarily shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to consider time as something that is simply there around them, not something they can “use”. One of the more difficult things many foreign businessmen and students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.
In their efforts to use their time. Wisely, Americans are sometimes seen by foreign visitors as automatons, unhuman creatures who are so tied to their clocks and their schedules that they cannot participate in or enjoy the human interactions that are the truly important things in life. “They are like little machines running around,” one foreign visitor said.
The emphasis Americans place on efficiency is closely related to their concepts of the future, change and time. To do something efficiently is to do it in the way that is quickest and requires the smallest investment of resources. American businesses sometimes hire “efficiency experts” to review their operations and suggest ways in which they could accomplish more than they are currently accomplishing with the resources they are investing. Popular periodicals carry suggestions for more efficient ways to clean house, raise children, tend the yard, and so on.
In this context the “fast-food industry” can be seen as a clear example of an American cultural product. McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, and other fast-food establishments prosper in a country where many people want to minimize the amount of time they spend preparing and eating meals. The millions of Americans who take their meals at fast-food restaurants cannot have much interest in lingering over their food while conversing with friends, as millions of Europeans do. As McDonald’s restaurants have spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. The typical American food, some observers argue, is fast food.
26. If a person treasures other people’s time, he .
A. does not waste people’s time with conversation or activity that has no beneficial outcome
B. does not believe the future will be any better than the present or the past
C. likes to deep a written schedule of the daily activities with him
D. likes to have his meals at the fast-food restaurants to save time
27. In the eyes of the foreign visitors in the States, American people .
A. think that time is always there which needs budgeting
B. enjoy saving and using time wisely everyday
C. are indifferent in that they are like feelingless machines
D. are so fully engaged that they are unable to enjoy the important things in life
28. What is the job of an efficiency expert?
A. Writing articles for periodicals.
B. Recommending ways of efficient investment
C. Examining the quality of a company’s products
D. Teaching people how to take care of their yard
29. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Many Americans love having meals at fast-food restaurants
B. Americans are busier than other people in the world
C. The American fast-food industry helps spread the American culture around the world
D. The United States is the father of the world’s fast-food industry
30. The best title for this passage is ..
A. The American Concept of Time
B. The Development of the American Fast Food Industry
C. How to Raise Efficiency
D. The American Food and Culture
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
It is difficult to estimate the number of youngsters involved in home schooling, where children are not sent to school and receive their formal education from one or both parents. Legislation and court decisions have make it legally possible in most states for parents to educate their children at home, and each year more people take advantage of that opportunity.
Supporters of home education claim that it is less expensive and far more efficient than mass public education. Moreover they quote several merits: relief of school overcrowding, added curricular and pedagogical (课程和教学法) alternatives, strengthened family relationships, lower dropout rates, increased motivation, higher standardized test scores, and reduced discipline problems. Supporters of home schooling also believe that it provides the parents with the opportunity to reinforce their moral values through education.
Critics of home schooling movement claim that it creates as many problems as it solves. They acknowledge that, in a few cases, home schooling offers educational opportunities superior to those found in most public schools, but few parents can provide such educational advantages. Some parents who withdraw their children form the schools in favor of home schooling have an inadequate educational background and insufficient formal training to provide a satisfactory education for their children. Typically, parents have fewer, not more technological resources available than do schools. However, the relatively inexpensive computer technology that is readily available today is causing some to challenge the notion that home schooling is in any way not so good as more highly structured classroom education.
Finally, a sociological (社会学) concern is the restricted social interaction experienced by children who are educated at home. Technology will never replace the pupil-teacher relationship. Also, while relationships with parents and brothers and sisters may be improved, children taught at home may develop a distorted (歪曲的) view of society.
31. The main idea of the passage is that .
A. more and more parents are in favor of home schooling
B. home schooling is superior to school education because it has been legally approved
C. though home schooling has its advantages, it creates as many new problems at the same time
D. school education is no doubt better than home education
32. Those who support home schooling think that .
A. it’s less expensive and more efficient apart from other merits
B. it has added curricular and pedagogical alternatives
C. it will cause fewer discipline problems
D. it’s more important to reinforce moral values
33. Critics believe that .
A. few parents can afford computers and technology when providing home education
B. few parents are qualified enough to provide a satisfactory home education
C. school teachers are better than parents
D. classroom environment can provide most satisfactory education
34. According to the author, home schooling cannot help children .
A. acquire social knowledge
B. build up a relationship with family members
C. build up pupil-teacher relationship
D. develop a right view of society
35. The attitude of the author toward home schooling is .
A. vague
B. positive
C. totally negative
D. straight-forward
2005年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语（二）试卷
PART TWO （50POINTS）
IV. Word Spellng (10 points, 1 point for two items)
将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整
的单词写在答题纸上。
36.破坏，使…遇难 vt w______ 37.自愿的，自发的 a. v_______
38.紧要的，紧迫的 a.. u______ 39. 容忍，忍受 vt. t_______
40.症状，征兆 n. s______ 41. 最近，不久前 ad. l_______
42.放大，夸大 vt. m______ 43. 概念，想法 n. n_______
44.服从，听从 vt. o_______ 45. 苦干的，费力的 a. p_______
46.达到；造诣 n. a_______ 47. 使平衡；权衡 vt. b________
48.战役，运动 n. c_______ 49. 装修，装饰 vt. d________
50.基本的，初级的 a. e_______ 51. 忠诚的，忠实的 a. f________
52.姿势，手势 n g_______ 53. 高度地，非常 ad. h________
54.模仿的，仿制的 a. I________ 55. 正义，公正 n. j_________
V. WORD FORM(10 points,1 point for each item)
将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
56. Once harm ______(do) to the environment, it takes years to have the system recovred.
57. With the strike_______(settle), the work on the new assembly line went ahead like wildfire.
58. The child was playing_________(danger) near the edge of the swimming pool.
59. This project ________(accomplish) by the end of 2006 will greatly improve the basic facility of the city.
60. People appreciae_________(talk) with him because he is knowledgeable and humorous.
61. Since the author did not stick to the topic , I found his article very ______(confuse) and hard to follow.
62. With all this done , I ______(free) from all troubles and responsibilities.
63. Had he been treated well , he ________(get over) this disease.
64. Investigations into the cause of the shipwreck show that the ship _______(sink) the moment it hit the rock .
65. If only the board ________(approve) the proposal and put it into effect.
vi．Translation from Chinese into English (15 points ,3 points for each item)
将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66. 时间是世界上最容易浪费也是最难以把握的东西。
67．虽然管理者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策还是要求他们考虑到未来可能发生的事情。
68．爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。
69．这次考试不及格人数多得惊人。
70．二十世纪六十年代美国民间音乐除表现爱情与希望外，还表现反战情绪。
vii. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points)
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure and even excitement, but cause quite severe headaches . The more significant the task ahead , the more careful the planning required. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring little or no planning . It is almost a routine. A month’s touring holiday abroad, or better still , getting married, is a different matter altogether. If the holiday involves a church wedding, with 50 guests, a reception, a honeymoon in Italy, and returning to a new home, this requires even more planning to make sure that is successful . planning is our way of trying to ensure success and of avoiding costly failures we cannot afford. It is equally essential to mankind as a whole, to nations, to families and to each individual ; the scale may vary, but the degree of importance does not..
2005年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语（二）试题答案及评分参考
Ⅰvocabulary and structure(本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分)
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B
6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C
Ⅱcloze test(本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分)
11.D 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.A
16.C 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.B
Ⅲreading comprehension(本大题共15题，每小题2分，共30分)
21.B 22.A 23.D 24.C 25.A
26.A 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.A
31.C 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.D
Ⅳword spelling(本大题共20题，每小题0.5分，共10分)
36.wreck 37.voluntary 38.urgent 39.tolerate 40.symptom 41.lately 42.magnify 43.notion 44.obey 45.painstaking 46.attainment 47.balance 48.campaign 49.decorate 50.elementary 51.faithful 52.gesture 53.highly 54.imitative 55.justice
[评分参考]多写、少写或错写一个字母均为错
Ⅴword form(本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分)
56.is done 57.settled 58.dangerously 59.to be accomplished 60.talking 61.confusing 62.have been freed 63.would have got over 64.sank 65.would approve
[评分参考]语法错误或拼写错误均不给分
VI. Translation front Chinese into English (本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)
66. Time is the easiest thing in the world to waste and the most difficult thing to control.
67. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider/take into account possible future events.
68. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so there is no absolute time and space/so time and space are not absolute.
69. The number of failures in the examination is surprisingly large.
70. The American folk music in the 1960’s expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love and hope.
[评分参考]
本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。评分原则为：
（1） 主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。
（2） 非基本语法错误（如介词、代词、冠词、大写、标点等错误）以及不影响基本句意的用词错误每两处扣1分。
（3） 拼写错误每两处扣1分。拼写错误本大题总扣分不超过3分。
（4） 如所用句型与答案不一致机，只要语言和意义正确，均应给分
VII．Translation from English into Chinese. (本大题共15分)
计划是我们生活中一项非常重要的活动。它能使人愉快，甚至令人兴奋，但也会让人十分头疼。工作越重要，所需的计划就要越仔细。按时上班或上学是几乎根本不需要计划的工作，它只不过是日常事务。而长达一个月的国外旅游度假，或更甚之，结婚娶亲，就完全是两码事了。如果假期中还要举行婚礼，接待50位来宾，举办招待会，去意大利度蜜月，再回到新家，那就更需要计划周全，以确保成功。计划使我们能够保证成功，避免那些代价昂贵，而我们又难以承受的失败。对于整个人类、民族、家庭乃至个人来说，计划同样又是必不可少的。其规模可大可小，但重要性都一样。
[评分参考]
本大题共15分。评分原则为：
短文英译汉的评分标准按译文质量分为15－13分、12－10分、9-7分、6-4分和3-1分共五个档次。各档次标准如下：
（1）15-13分。全文翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺。
（2）12-10分。全文主要内容翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达尚通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。
（3）9-7分。全文不少于一半的内容基本正确，汉语表达尚通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。
（4）6-4分。少部分内容翻译基本正确，有较多的语句翻译错误。
（5）3-1分。仅译对个别句子。
（6）全文译错或充出零星单词或全文未译，不给分。
（7）缺译的语句按完全译错处理。
根据以上评分档次描述，评分可在相应的档次内上下浮动。 |
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