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 发表: 2025-05-22 18:02:00 人气:53  
Passage 2：关于打哈欠的科学之谜
这种在我们感到疲倦或无聊时出现的奇特行为，至今仍笼罩在神秘之中。打哈欠具有极强的传染性——当你看到别人打哈欠时，自己往往也会忍不住跟着打哈欠。甚至连读到关于打哈欠的文字都可能引发这一行为。
美国纽约州立大学理工学院的打哈欠专家安德鲁·加洛普指出，自然打哈欠与补充氧气无关，其作用可能是增强警觉性，且似乎由大脑温度升高触发。
然而，传染性打哈欠的机制截然不同。美国贝勒大学的研究表明，它与同理心（感知他人情绪的能力）有关。研究显示，缺乏同理心的人更不容易被"传染"打哈欠。
人类并非唯一会打哈欠的生物。科学家也研究了动物中的这一行为。一项针对南非狮群的研究发现，狮子打哈欠后会同步行动。这意味着大型猫科动物可能通过张嘴动作感知彼此情绪，这对狮子这类高度社会化的动物至关重要。
加洛普提出理论：打哈欠可能是为保护人类群体演化出的行为。通过互相模仿，群体成员打哈欠时能提升整体警觉性。张嘴动作暗示警惕性下降，促使观察者提高注意力。随着哈欠传播，群体对潜在危险的感知能力也随之增强。
为验证理论，加洛普设计了一项实验：让参与者观看打哈欠视频前后分别识别蛇（威胁）和青蛙（非威胁）的图片。结果显示，观看视频虽不影响识别无害青蛙的能力，但参与者对危险蛇类的探测能力在目睹他人打哈欠后显著提升。
This peculiar behavior, which occurs when we feel tired or bored, remains shrouded in mystery. Yawning is highly contagious—when you see someone yawn, you often can’t resist yawning yourself. Even reading about yawning might trigger one.
Andrew Gallup, a yawning expert from SUNY Polytechnic Institute in New York, USA, notes that natural yawning has nothing to do with increasing oxygen levels. Instead, it may help boost alertness and appears to be triggered by a rise in brain temperature.
Contagious yawning, however, is different. A study by Baylor University in the U.S. suggests it is linked to empathy—the ability to sense others’ emotions. The research shows that people who struggle to empathize are less likely to "catch" a yawn.
Humans aren’t the only ones who yawn. Scientists have studied this behavior in animals too. A study on lions in South Africa found that after yawning, lions synchronize their movements. This implies that gaping their mouths might be a way for big cats to sense each other’s moods, a trait critical for highly social animals like lions.
Gallup theorizes that yawning may have evolved to protect human groups. By mimicking one another, a group’s collective alertness could rise when people yawn. The act of opening one’s mouth signals reduced vigilance, prompting observers to become more attentive. As yawns spread, the group’s awareness of potential dangers intensifies.
To test this theory, Gallup conducted an experiment. He showed participants images of snakes (perceived as threats) and frogs (non-threatening) before and after they watched videos of people yawning. While viewing the videos did not affect their ability to spot harmless frogs, their ability to detect threatening snakes significantly improved after witnessing others yawn.
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