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| 全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)考试试题 全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）考试试题 PART ONE (50 points) I. Vocabulary and Structure (10points , 1 point for each item) 1. I'm wondering why he hasn't turned _____ at the meeting. A. down B. up C. out D. over 2. _____, I couldn't get a job in this company. A. Try as I might B. As I might try C. Try though I might D. I might try 3. It is a well-known fact ______ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction. A. that B. if C. when D. whether 4. _____, Mary went out with delight. A. With her homework doing B. With her homework done C. Her homework was done D. Done her homework 5. Contrary ______ popular belief, moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite. A. on B. at C. against D. to 6. ______ the storm, we have to postpone the flight. A. Owing to B. Thanks to C. Because D. As 7. By using both ears one can tell the direction _____ a sound comes. A. in which B. from which C. over which D. with which 8. When she worked with the government, she _____ the difficult task of monitoring elections. A. overworked B. overtook C. underwent D. undertook 9. Apparently, it wasn't an accident. Someone must have done it on ______. A. intention B. determination C. purpose D. reason 10. The young doctor could not sleep at night, the worsening condition of a patient _____ him. A. disturbing B. disturbed C. being disturbed D. to disturb II. Cloze Test (10points, 1 point for each item) Sometimes people find really wonderful things when they are not looking _11__ them. One example was John Colter. Colter was a mountain man who lived 12 in the Rocky Mountains of the United States. He loved to walk in the mountains, but one day in 1803 he saw a strange __13__. Water was shooting high into the air and _14 _ into a green pool. It was a natural water fountain. Colter found other pools of blue water. Some of the pools were hot. The chemicals in the water made a beautiful color, _15 _ they also made it smell bad. 16 there were large, clear lakes and spectacular waterfalls on cold, clear mountain rivers. Colter was excited, so he told 17_ about the place. __18_, the other people did not believe him. They thought that he was a dreamer, a fool. 19 they saw these wonders, they too were excited. Today the place Colter 20 is known as Yellowstone Park. 11. A. forward B. for C. upon D. into 12. A. along B. alive C. alone D. lonely 13. A. sight B. site C. glimpse D. glance 14. A. fall B. falling C. to fall D. falls 15.A. but B. and C. thus D. so 16. A. Nearly B. Near C. Next to D. Nearby 17. A. the other B. others C. another D. each other 18. A. Then B. However C. Therefore D. Consequently 19. A. Since B. Before C. After D. While 20. A. initiated B. invented C. created D. discovered III. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item) Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history. An American university president once commented that Einstein had created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (特性) of time and space and so on — but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something larger than ever thought before. By 1914 the young Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by the First World War. Einstein hated violence. The misery of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work, In the years following the First World War, honors were increasingly heaped on him. He became the head of the Kaiser Whilhem Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize for Physics, and he was highly honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism (纳粹主义) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew. 21. The first paragraph is mainly about _____. A. a new outlook of the universe B. the feelings of an American college president C. the change in human thought caused by Einstein D. the difficulty in teaching Einstein's theory 22. From the second paragraph, we know Albert Einstein ____. A. enjoyed world popularity B. was the head of an academy C. was a famous teacher D. enjoyed studying wars 23. Which of the following statements about Einstein is true? A. He achieved more than any other scientists in history. B. Our ideas about the universe differ from one another because of him. C. He kept working until peace came in 1918. D. His research practically stopped during the First World War. 24. In the years following the First World War, _____. A. Einstein began to be accepted even by ordinary men B. more and more honors were granted to Einstein C. Einstein became the head of the Prussian Academy of Science D. Einstein was not honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism 25. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____. A. Albert Einstein was interested in nothing but science B. Einstein was forced to serve in the German army C. Einstein made a lot more breakthroughs in his research after the First World War D. his reputation was ruined because of Nazism Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Could you imagine your parents choosing your husband or wife for you? And can you imagine not setting eyes on him or her until your wedding day? This situation is common in India, the Middle East and many parts of Africa. Marriage customs around the world often differ from our own. We don't realize that people in other places often get married in very different ways — and with different motives. In many countries, marriage is a practical matter. A marriage provides a safe and stable home for the husband and wife. It also joins two families, which benefits the couple's parents and makes them happy. Marriage also brings children, making sure the couple will be taken care of in old age. Because a marriage is important for the whole family, some cultures don't let young people choose whom to marry. Just as there are many different reasons for marriage, there are also many different wedding rituals. Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the happy couple. In a typical Western wedding, the bride seeks good luck by wearing "something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue." Something old represents the past. Something new represents success in the future. Something borrowed reminds the bride she can get help from her friends and family. And something blue reminds her to be true to her husband. In Poland, one wedding tradition is not only lucky, but also very practical. The wedding guests pin money to the bride's dress while she is dancing. The money is meant to bring kick and to help the young couple build their new life. In Bermuda, the young couple plants a tree in the yard of their new home. Once they move in, they take good care of the tree and make it grow. The planting of the tree is a good metaphor (比喻) for marriage. A truly good marriage is something that grows with care. 26. Which of the following statements DOES NOT support the idea that marriage is a practical matter? A. The couple may have a safe and stable home through their marriage. B. The parents had better help their children choose whom to marry. C. A marriage benefits the couple's parents and makes them happy. D. A marriage brings children who will take care of the couple when they are old. 27. The word "rituals" (para.3, line 2) means _____. A. forms B. customs C. traditions D. ceremonies 28. In a typical Western wedding, the bride wears something blue to ________. A. seek good luck B. represent the past C. represent success in the future D. remind her to be true to her husband 29. Although cultures differ in different countries, one thing in common when a young couple gets married is that _____. A, people wish them to take care of each other B. people wish them to get practical benefits from the marriage C. people wish them to have good luck in their new life D. people wish them to make money at the wedding ceremony 30. Which of the following statements best summarizes the subject of this passage? A. People across the world get married in different ways and for different reasons. B. Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the young couple. C. A truly good marriage is something that grows with care. D. In many countries, marriage is a practical matter. Passage Three Question 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. While popular in the U.S., the April Fool's Day tradition is even more prevalent in European countries, such as France and Great Britain. Although the roots of the traditional tricking are unclear, the French and the British both have claims on the origin of the celebration. One theory holds that the first April Fool's Day was on April 1 of the year when King of France instituted (设立) the new calendar. This new system placed the day that had formerly been the first day of a new year on April 1. Many people were reluctant to adjust to the new calendar and continued to celebrate New Year's Day on what had become the first day of April. Thus, they became the first April fools. An English story about the day, however, holds that it began sometime during the 1200s. At the time, King John of England was in the habit of making a road out of nearly every path he walked regularly. The citizens of one particular farm village were aware of this. To avoid having their green pastures (牧场) disturbed with one of king's roads, they built a fence that prevented the king from walking through their countryside. The king sent a group of messengers (信使) to inform the villagers that they must remove the barrier. Upon hearing that the king was planning to do this, however, the villagers developed a plan of their own. When the messengers arrived, they found what appeared to be a community of mad people, with people behaving in a strange manner, throwing things and running around wildly. The messengers, alarmed at what they found, reported to King John that these people were so mad as to be beyond punishment. So, the villagers saved their farmland by tricking the King. In Great Britain, tradition only allows April Fool's tricks from midnight to noon on April 1. Those who try to play tricks in the afternoon become the fools themselves. 31. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? A. April Fool's Day is more popular in the U.S. B. April Fool's Day is more popular in France and Great Britain. C. No one is sure where the tradition of celebrating April Fool's Day originated. D. The celebration of April Fool's Day originated from both France and Great Britain. 32. According to the second paragraph, many people continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April 1, because _____. A. they knew nothing about the new calendar B. they didn't want to accept the new calendar C. they wanted to receive gifts from their friends D. they wanted to become the first April fools 33. The word "holds" (para.3, line 1) means "_____", A. supports B. conducts C. contains D. believes 34. The third paragraph tells how the citizens of one particular farm village in England saved their farmland by ______,. A, building a fence B. throwing things to the messengers C. tricking the king D. lighting with the messengers 35. What is the main idea of paragraph three? A. How the tradition of celebrating April Fool's Day originated in Great Britain. B. How the citizens of one particular farm village saved their land from the king. C. King John of England wanted to make a road through one particular farm village. D. In Great Britain, tradition allows April Fool's tricks from midnight to noon. PART TWO (50 points) IV. Word Spelling (10 points , 1 point for two items) 36. 分析 v. a_ _ _ _ _ _ 37. 简历；摘要 n. r_ _ _ _ _ 38. 私有的，私立的 a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ 39. 转移；替换 n./v. s_ _ _ _ 40. 担保；保证 v. e_ _ _ _ _ 41. 追赶；寻求 v. p_ _ _ _ _ 42. 坦率地；直率地 ad. f_ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 相当地；公正地 ad. f_ _ _ _ _ 44. 误导；带错路 v. m_ _ _ _ _ _ 45. 主题；主旋律 n. t_ _ _ _ 46. 网状物；网络 n. n_ _ _ _ _ _ 47. 联合；工会 n. u_ _ _ _ 48. 功能；作用 n. f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49. 雇佣；使用 v. e_ _ _ _ _ 50. 伤残的 a. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51. 目标；进球 n. g_ _ _ 52. 永恒地；经常地 ad. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53. 鼓舞 v. i_ _ _ _ _ _ 54. 无价值的；无用的 a. w_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55. 自由（权） n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ V. Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item) 56. It was imperative that students ______ (finish) their papers before July 1st. 57. So far, Irving ____ (live) in New York City for ten years. 58. The patient _____ (send) to another hospital before we got there. 59. The __________ (far) away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes. 60. With apples at 25 cents a pound, we couldn't resist ____ (take) four pounds. 61. Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and _____ (advance) it at night. 62. When ________ (give) the chance, it is quite possible for him to fulfill the task within ten days. 63. I'll be only too pleased _ ___ (help) out those who are in difficulty. 64. Television is another major instrument of communication, ____ (permit) us to see as well as to hear the performer. 65. It is high time that we _____ (take) firm measures to protect our environment. VI. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points for each item) 66. 我工作了一整天，所以你来看我时，我很疲倦。 67. 高薪和福利都不能取悦工人们。 68．我更喜欢住在乡村，因为那里空气污染不太严重。 69．每个人都可以培养自己的兴趣。 70．绝大多数医学上的重大进步都是建立在动物研究基础上的。 |
| VII. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points) Some animals that cannot see can still tell the difference between light and darkness, while others can react to chemicals, which is something like smelling and tasting. However, there may be a sense that we know nothing about, for otherwise it is very hard to explain how birds, animals and even insects and fish manage to travel long distances without losing their way. Only man can tell his companions exactly what he wants, for he has the wonderful gift of speech; but many of the larger animals can show that they are hungry or frightened or pleased by making sounds that we have learned to recognize, such as a roar. Even man still uses animal-like sounds when he laughs or sighs. Some animals can get further than these simple noises. For instance, a bird song is much more elaborate, for it tells other males to keep away, while at the same time inviting a female to come closer. Birds have other calls which warn of danger or help to keep the flock (鸟群) together. Of course, a parrot does not understand what it is saying when it imitates the human voice. 全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）参考答案 1.B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. D 2I.C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25 . C 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. analyse 37. resume 38. personal 39. shift 40. ensure 41. pursue 42. frankly 43. fairly 44. mislead 45. theme 46. network 47. union 48. function 49. employ 50. damaged 51. goal 52. constantly 53. inspire 54. worthless 55. liberty 56. finish 57.has been living 58. must be sent 59. farther 60. taking 61. advances 62. given 63. to help 64. permitting 65. took 66. I was very tired when you came to see me because I had worked all day along. 67. High salary/wage and welfare can not make workers happy. 68. I prefer to live in the countryside in that/because the air is not seriously polluted. 69. Everyone can take to his (her) interests. 70. Most of the major medical advances have been based on animal research. 英译汉 一些没有视觉的动物，仍能辨别出光线和黑暗的不同，而其它一些动物能对化学物质做出反应，就如同有味觉和嗅觉一样。然而，一定存在一种我们不知道的感觉。因为如果不是这样的话，就很难解释为什么鸟、动物甚至昆虫和鱼能旅行很长的距离而不迷路。 只有人能确切地告诉他的同伴他想要什么，因为人有奇妙的语言天赋，但是许多大一些的动物能够发出我们已经学会辨别的声音如吼叫来表达它们的饥饿、受惊或高兴。甚至人类在笑或叹息的时候仍然使用像动物的声音。一些动物能发出比这些简单的声音更复杂的声音，例如，鸟儿的歌声就更复杂精细，因为它能告诉其它雄性鸟离开，同时邀请雌性鸟儿靠近。鸟儿有时发出声音警告危险或使鸟群紧密结合。当然，当鹦鹉模仿人发声的时候并不理解其中的含义。 全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题解析 第I 大题 ： Vocabulary and Structure 1. 本小题主要考查词组的搭配，turn up 是出现的意思。在学习的过程中要注意一些动词与介词的搭配，尤其像turn , set , break , get , put , take , bring , c ut 等词与不同的介词的搭配的意义。 2. 本题主要考查as 引导让步状语从句时要倒装，倒装句是我们复习的一个重点。 3. 本题的考点是that 引导的同位语从句，一般同位语从句的先行词包括：thought , fact , belief , idea, doubt , evidence 等。因此看到先行词是这样的一些词，一般可以判断是同位语从句由that 引导。 4. 本题主要考查分词的独立结构。有很多同学做这个句子时可能会选择C , 把这个句子看作是一个从句。但是大家要注意的是：如果选择C 的话，那么这个句子就有两个单句组成，而这两个单句之间没有连接词，因此不是并列句，也不是复合句，那这个句子就是错误的，因此不能选C 。 这个句子是with + 名词+过去分词 独立结构做状语。因为do 的动作不是homework 发出的，因此用过去分词而不用现在分词，所以选B。 5. 本题主要考查词组contrary to 搭配。 6. 这道题的四个选项都可表示“原因”但要注意的是because 和as 都是引导从句。而thanks to 的本意是“感激….”， 因此这道题选A . owing to 7. 本题主要考查定语从句中介词提前的形式，至于填什么介词要看从句中的动词和什么搭配，这道题从句中的谓语动词是comes 因此填 B. from which 。 8. 本题主要考查词义辨析，这四个选项词型相近，undertake 是承担的意思因此选D. 在学习词汇的时候要注意一些词型词义相似的词的辨析。 9. 本题主要考查搭配on purpose 的意思是“故意地” 10. 本题与第4题 一样都考查分词的独立结构。 第II大题 Cloze Test 11. 本题主要考查词组搭配look for 寻找。 12. 本题主要考查alone 和lonely 的区别：alone 表示独自一个人，而lonely 主要表达孤独的意思。 13. 本题是词义辨析题 14. 本题主要考查语法 15. 本题是上下文的关系题，上下文关系的题型是近几年完型填空的考查重点，做这种题的关键首先是要理解上下文的意思，然后再确定关系。 16. 本题是词义辨析题，区别nearly , near, next to , nearby 的用法和意思。 17. 本题主要考查the other, other, others, another , each other 的区别，在完型填空中经常有这个考点。 other, another, the other, others , 的区别； other 指另外的人或物；others 泛指别人，可与some 连用；the other 指两个中的另一个，常和one 连用；the others 表示其余所有的人或物；another 则泛指另一个。 Some pupils are reading the text loudly, others are doing their homework. Mrs. Clark has two beautiful hats. One is red, the other is blue. This suit doesn’t fit me. Would you please show me another one? 18．本题主要考查上下文的关系, 要注意however 是表示转折关系的词，therefore 表示因果关系，而consequently 也表示结果。 19.本文主要考查连词 20．本文主要考查词义辨析，重点是：invent 和discover 的区别。Invent 表示发明以前没有的东西，而discover 是指发现以前就存在的东西。 第III. 大题 Reading Comprehension 阅读理解 Passage One 21题 本题是主旨题 第一段的主题句是第一句“Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history”表明爱因斯坦对科学和历史都有极大的影响，而第二句说明了爱因斯坦使人们对世界观，对宇宙有了一个新的认识。因此选项为C 。 22题 本题是细节题 依据是第二段第一句话“By 1914 the young Einstein had gained world fame.”选项中A . enjoyed world popularity 符合题义。Popularity 的意思与fame 的意思相似。 23题 本题是细节题 本题可以用排除法 ， 本题的依据是第三段。第三段表明爱因斯坦深受战争的影响 “ he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research ”而且最后一句“Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.. ”也表明爱因斯坦在第一次世界大战期间研究工作实际上是停止了。因此选D。 24 题 本题是细节题， 要用排除法 ，本题的依据是最后一段的第一句话“In the years following the First World War , honors were increasingly heaped on him.” Heap的意思就是“成堆，很多”和 “ more and more ”是近义词。 25 题 本题是推理题 Passage Two 26 题 本题是细节题 本题的主要依据是第二段 ， 第二段的主题句是第一句“ In many countries , marriage is a practical matter.”而A 、C 、D 是developing sentences 是用来支持主题句的。 而B是一个结果。 ２7题 本题是词义题 ritual 的意思是“典礼、仪式”与ceremony 意思相同 ２８题 本题是细节题 主要依据是第三段“And something blue reminds her to be true to her husband ” ２９题 本题是细节题 依据是第三段的第二句话“Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the happy couple”。 ３０题 本题是主旨题 本题的主要依据是第一段的倒数第二句和最后一句话。主旨题经常从第一段的第一句或最后一句找答案。 Passage Three 31题 本题是细节题 本题的主要依据是第一句话 “While popular in the U.S. , the April Fool’s Day tradition is even more prevalent in European countries, such as France and Great Britain.”这句话中while 是表示转折，意思是“尽管愚人节的习俗在美国很盛行，然而在欧洲国家，比如法国和英国更流行。这里用了more prevalent , prevalent 的近义词是popular 。 ３２题 本题依据是第二段第三句“Many people were reluctant to adjust to the new calendar and continued to celebrate New Year’s Day on what had become the first day of April .”其中reluctant 的意思是“勉强，不愿意” 因此与选项B 相符。 ３３题 本题是词义题 hold 在句中的意思是“持有…想法”因此选D。 ３４题 本题是主旨题 要求考生能概括第三段的意义。 ３５题 本题是主旨题 要求考生概括整篇文章的意思，依据是第一段的最后一句话。 第IV 大题 单词拼写 本道题要求考生根据词性、汉语词义以及第一个字母正确地写出相应的英语单词，该题对拼写要求非常严格，多写、少写和错写一个字母都不能得分。因此，这个题看似简单，实际得分不高。这就要求学生在平时学习过程中，一定要熟记常用词汇。 第V大题 词形变化 ５６题 本题主要考查虚拟语气的用法。在It is + 形容词+that 从句中，从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气，形式是(should) + 动词原形。这些形容词包括：imperative , desirable , necessary , essential , natural , important , advisable 等。 ５７题 本题主要考查时态“现在完成进行时”，判断的关键是：so far, for ten years ，从这两个时间状语就可以判断出该句的谓语动词live 应该用现在完成进行时，一般情况下句子中如果有：so far , up to now, over the past …years, in the last …years , for , since , already 等一些词语，那么谓语动词就经常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别是：现在完成进行时用来表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，或者可能要继续进行下去；而现在完成时不表示动作的延续性。 58 题 本题考查过去完成时的被动语态 主句的谓语动词send 这个动作发生在从句get 这个动作之前，因为从句的谓语动词用了过去时got 因此主句的谓语动词是过去的过去，因此要用过去完成时。 59 题 本题考查形容词的比较级的一种句式“the +形容词比较级， the + 形容词比较级”表示“越…越….”，另外要注意far 的比较级有两种形式一种是farther , 一种是further ，farther 表示“更远”而further 表示“进一步”因此本题应该填farther 。 60题 本题主要考查resist 后面接动名词作宾语。 61题 本题主要考查时态 ， 因为这个句子有两个谓语，一个是delay , 一个是advance ，这两个谓语由and 连接，delays 是一般现在时，因此advance 也应该用一般现在时，所以答案是advances 。 62题 本题主要考查过去分词做状语。 63题 本题主要考查too… to+动词原形 结构 64题 本题主要考查现在分词作状语。 65题 本题主要考查虚拟语气形式 ， 在It is high time that 从句结构中从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式是过去时 ，因此用took 的形式。 第VI 大题 汉译英 总的来说，本套试题汉译英部分比较简单。 66题 本题在翻译的时候要注意结构，另外注意“我很疲倦”这个句子是主系表结构，“疲倦”用tired 表示 ， 而tired 是形容词，很多同学翻译时忽视了这个问题，因此翻成了“I tired ”这就把系动词丢掉了。 67题 这道题就是单句，结构比较简单，但是有的同学不知道“福利”用英语怎么表示，因此造成了障碍。 68题 这道题主要考查prefer to do sth. （更喜欢…） 的用法, 还有in that 或because 引导原因状语从句的用法。 69题 这个句子主要考查take to 的用法。 70题 这个句子考查被动语态以及 be based on 的用法。 VII. 英译汉 这篇文章的从句比较多，另外要注意一些词的翻译，比如： react to 翻译成“对…的反映”； gift 在句子中翻译成“天赋”等等。 四．考查重点及应试指导 I. 词汇和结构题 “词汇和结构”，顾名思义，那肯定是考查语法结构和词语用法搭配。在本题中，语法题约占一半，它主要考查关联词、介词和代词的应用。当然此题中也可能有考查动词、形容词和副词的形态变化的内容，以及词义选择方面的内容。复习的重点是各种从句以及倒装句、强调句的用法。考前要重点复习上册第15、16、17、19、20单元的语法讲解例句和语法练习以及词汇部分的固定用法和固定搭配、形近词和近义词的辨析。 II. 完型填空题 按考纲规定，完形填空题的考查重点是语法，包括一致关系、动词时态、语态，名词的数，代词，形容词和副词的级，连词，介词等。从最近的几次考试看，完形填空题的语法重点仍在连接各种从句的关联词上，除此之外，也有一部分题是考查介词和代词的。完型填空的题型分为：搭配题，语法题，词汇辨析题，逻辑关系题等。在做完型填空题时要注意一些解题技巧和方法： 1)搭配判断法 根据对以往考试的分析，搭配型题目在完形填空题中占的比例最重。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句，哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动诃和介词的固定搭配。 2）结构判断法 结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断。完型填空题目中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完型填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有： A. 转折、让步 ： 这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有：but , still , yet , however, though , although, no matter, in spite of ，anyway, even if , 等。 B. 因果关系：表原因的连词或词组有： because (of ), due to , owing to , thanks to , since, for , as , 等。表结果的词或词组有： so , therefore, then , as a result, in consequence, consequently, thus, 等。 C. 表示递进、补充关系： 这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述。常用的词、词组有： moreover, likewise, besides, in addition , also , too, not only … but also , apart from , what’s more 等。 D. 表示对比、比较关系：对比表示观点或事物间的差异性，比较表明观点或事物间的同一性。表示对比的词或词组有：in contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, conversely, unlike, oppositely 等。表示比较的词或词组有：like, in comparison , compare… with , as , just as 等。 3）词义判断法 词汇型问题也是完形填空的一个考点，主要测试考生在段落语篇中把握语义连贯性的能力，提供选择的词可能是近义词、近形词也可能是随意拼凑的四个选项‘遇到这类题，既要联系上下文，又要具有扎实的词汇基础，有时还须根据自己的文化背景知识做出判断。 III. 阅读理解题 阅读理解题由三篇短文构成。每篇短文的平均长度，为300词左右，其难度相当于教材后半部分的课文，三篇短文共15个小题,每小题2分，共30分。从最近几次考试的命题中可以发现，阅读理解题的短文既不是纯文学的，也不是纯科技性的，而是一般性的社会、文化、经济、．科普和日常生活方面的内容。对大多数考生来说，在专业上没有不能理解的内容，但由于短文大部分取自英文原文，因此在语言上存在一定的难度。 阅读理解题主要测试考生：1.把握文章主题思想和大意的能力：2对文章中的重要情节和主要事实的理解程度；3 对文章的格调、作者的观点态度等的推理判断能力。 应试技巧 1．两种方法 方法一：先看文章后做题。主要针对简单易懂的文章，时间又较充裕的情况。 方法二：先看题目后读文章再做题。这种方法在时间紧、文章长的情况下更为实用。，这样可以带着问题去阅读，文章中的内容与考题有关系时仔细阅读，与题目无关时，可以置之不理，很快跳过去。还有一些题目涉及一般常识或科普知识，可以在未阅读文章之前自己先行判断，在阅读时只要对自己的判断进行验证就可以了。 2．三个侧重 除了题目本身所要求查找的细节外，阅读时一定要注意不要逐字逐句地死抠，而要有所侧重。 1) 侧重首段、尾段，首句、尾句、 因为这些部分往往是作者所要谈及的论点、主题或中心思想，抓住了主干，那么细节问题就会迎刃而解。 2）侧重语篇标志词。 语篇标志词。语篇中句子和句子之间、段落和段落之间就是通过这种词语连接起来的，把握住这些词语就等于把握了句与句、段与段之间的关系，对于获取所需信息、准确答题至关重要。语篇标志词主要表示：（1）例解: 如， for instance , for example, （2） 列举(3)比较；(4) 转折和对比；(5)原因；(6) 结果；(7) 方式手段；(8) 时间；(9)地点；(10) 目的；（11）分类；（12）补充；（13）强调；（14）条件；（15）结论。 3）侧重长句、难句。 因为英语表达多以冗长著称，论理性很强的文章更是如此。通过较长的句子来表达复杂的思想内容，从而使文章更具有说服力。所以，我们在阅读时，必须重视长句、难句，认真分析句子，把握关键。事实上，不少问题就是针对这些长句、难句而设置的。 3．阅读理解题的题型。 1) 主旨题： 这类问题主要测试考生把握主题与中心思想的能力。主要形式有： a. The main idea of this passage is ________. b. The passage mainly discusses ____________. c. What is the passage primarily concerned about? d. What is the main topic of this passage? e. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? f. The best title for this passage might be _________. 作者的态度、写作目的与主题和中心思想关系密切，可以看作主旨题的延伸。主要形式有： 问写作目的： g.The author writes this passage mainly to _______. h.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is _________. 问态度： i.The author’s attitude towards … is _________. j.The tone of this passage can be described as ___________. 2) 细节题： 这类问题测试考生把握文章细节的能力，主要与文中的考点相联系，如：最高级、唯一性、其他对比、数字年代、原因等。主要形式有： 是非题：（三正一误或三误一正） a. Which of the following is True ? b. Which of the following is NOT True ? c. Which of the following is Not mentioned in Paragraph …? 例证题 a. The author gives an example in Paragraph .. mainly to show that ______. 其他具体细节题 a. From the passage , it can be seen that …. b. The main reason for …is _________. 3) 推理题 这类题主要测试考生能否在理解字面意义的基础上，根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论，进而理解文章的隐含意义和深层意义。 主要形式有： a. It is implied in the passage that ________. b. The passage implies (suggests) that ________. c. It can be inferred from the passage that _________. d. It can be concluded from the passage that ________. e. Form the passage we can infer (draw the conclusion) that _________. 4) 词义题 这类问题主要测试考生使用词语搭配和根据上下文判断词义的能力。主要形式有： a. The word “…” in line (Paragragh).. most probably means ______. b. In paragraph …, the word “…” refers to (stands for) _______. c. The word “…” in Paragraph … can be best replaced by ________. 词汇题考查的词汇主要是熟词僻义或生词 IV. 词型变化题 这个题型主要考查动词的形态变化，也就是说，根据句子的实际情况将动词的原形变为适当的形式。还包括少量的试题考查形容词或副词的比较级或最高级的形式变化，尤其是几个不规则变化的形容词和副词。还可能考查名词的词形变化，名词主要考查变复数的规则、特别是一些不规则变化。另外词性转换也是考试的重点。 应试技巧 1．熟练掌握动词词形变化规律。注意：动词形式既包括谓语动词的各种形式，如时态、语态及语气（直陈、虚拟）等，虚拟语气为重点，几年来的考题中都有这方面内容；也包括非谓语动词的各种形式（动词不定式、分词、动名词）。所以做动词的词形变化时，首先要搞清楚它在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后再作相应的变化。 2.认真学好并熟悉课文。本题所选用的句子有一些是根据教材中出现的句子编写的，多来自课文或语法练习，所以熟悉教材十分重要。 3.认真钻研相关的语法讲解：主要指教材上册谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词比较等级、情态动词、虚拟语气等部分。 V. 汉译英 按考纲规定，汉译英题中的句子是根据教材中的句子编写的。由于教材课文中的句子大多数都比较长，所以实际考试的句子一般比原文的句子简短，有的句子是根据教材中的语法、课文或词汇的练习题编写，还有的则是教材以外的句子。 主要考查：时态，被动语态，非谓语动词，复合句，虚拟语气，强调句，倒装句或某个常用词组。 在翻译每一个句子时，一定要事先筹划：先要想好译成什么样的英语句子结构，是简单句还是复合句，或者是强调句、倒装句。如果选用了复合句，那么要明确哪部分是主句，从句采用的形式，是定语从句、状语从句还是其他的从句。在一个句子内，主语是什么，谓语用什么时态，是主动还是被动，要不要虚拟语气，这些都要事先筹划好。 VI 英译汉 英译汉的关键首先是要理解原文。除了要具备阅读理解能力以外，还需要有正确的汉语表达能力，即要用通顺的汉语把原文的思想内容完整地表达出来。另外还要掌握一些翻译的技巧和汉英两种语言在表达上的不同。 翻译是一个实践的过程，因此建议大家在平时学习时要经常做一些翻译的练习，只有在练习中才能真正掌握翻译的有关理论和技巧，才能提高翻译的能力和水平。 |
| 谢谢 |
| 顶. |
| 顶！ |
| 多谢。 |
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